The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the brain of a computer. It is responsible for executing instructions and controlling the operation of the computer. Without a CPU, a computer would be unable to perform any tasks. The CPU is the heart of computer processing, and it is what allows a computer to perform complex calculations and execute a wide range of tasks. In this article, we will explore the role of the CPU in greater detail, and gain a deeper understanding of how it works. We will also discuss the importance of the CPU in modern computing, and how it has evolved over time.
What is a CPU?
Definition and Function
The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the primary component of a computer that is responsible for executing instructions and processing data. It is often referred to as the “brain” of a computer due to its critical role in the functioning of the system.
The CPU is the core component of a computer that performs the majority of the processing tasks. It executes instructions and performs calculations, manipulates data, and controls the flow of information within the computer system. The CPU is the primary component that enables a computer to perform a wide range of tasks, from basic calculations to complex operations such as video editing, gaming, and web browsing.
The CPU’s role in processing data and executing instructions is crucial to the overall performance of a computer. It is responsible for fetching instructions from memory, decoding them, and executing them. The CPU also controls the flow of data between the different components of the computer system, such as the memory, input/output devices, and other peripherals.
The CPU is designed to perform a wide range of tasks, from simple arithmetic operations to complex logical operations. It is capable of executing billions of instructions per second, making it one of the most critical components of a computer system. The CPU’s performance is measured in terms of its clock speed, which is typically measured in GHz (gigahertz). The higher the clock speed, the faster the CPU can execute instructions and process data.
In summary, the CPU is the heart of a computer system, responsible for processing data and executing instructions. It is the primary component that enables a computer to perform a wide range of tasks, from basic calculations to complex operations. The CPU’s performance is critical to the overall performance of a computer, and its clock speed is a key factor in determining its processing power.
Components of a CPU
The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the brain of a computer, responsible for executing instructions and controlling the flow of data within a system. It is made up of several components that work together to perform complex calculations and operations.
One of the primary components of a CPU is the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU). The ALU is responsible for performing arithmetic and logical operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and comparisons. It is the core component that performs the actual calculations required by the CPU.
Another important component of a CPU is the Control Unit. The Control Unit is responsible for managing the flow of data within the CPU and coordinating the activities of the other components. It retrieves instructions from memory, decodes them, and sends the necessary signals to the ALU and other components to execute the instructions.
Registers are small, high-speed memory units that store data and instructions temporarily. They are used to hold data that is being processed by the CPU, or to hold instructions that are waiting to be executed. Registers are an essential component of the CPU because they allow the CPU to access data quickly and efficiently, improving the overall performance of the system.
Finally, the Cache is a small, fast memory unit that stores frequently used data and instructions. It is designed to speed up access to frequently used data by storing a copy of the data in the cache, which can be accessed more quickly than the main memory. The Cache is an important component of modern CPUs, as it can significantly improve the performance of the system by reducing the number of accesses to the main memory.
How Does the CPU Work?
Data Flow through the CPU
The data flow through the CPU can be broken down into three main stages: fetching instructions from memory, decoding and executing instructions, and writing results back to memory.
Fetching Instructions from Memory
The first stage in the data flow through the CPU is fetching instructions from memory. This process involves retrieving the instructions that are stored in the computer’s memory and bringing them into the CPU for processing. The CPU uses a fetching mechanism, such as a memory bus, to retrieve the instructions from memory and load them into its internal registers.
Decoding and Executing Instructions
Once the instructions have been fetched from memory, the CPU decodes and executes them. This process involves interpreting the instructions and performing the necessary operations. The CPU uses an instruction decoder to translate the instructions into a form that it can understand, and then executes the instructions using its arithmetic and logic units.
Writing Results Back to Memory
The final stage in the data flow through the CPU is writing the results back to memory. Once the instructions have been decoded and executed, the CPU produces a result, which is then written back to memory. The CPU uses a writing mechanism, such as a memory bus, to store the result in the appropriate location in memory.
Overall, the data flow through the CPU is a complex process that involves multiple stages and components. Understanding the intricacies of this process is crucial for understanding how computers work and how they process information.
The CPU Bus
Exploring the Fundamentals of the CPU Bus
The CPU bus serves as a crucial communication link between the central processing unit (CPU) and other components within a computer system. It enables the transfer of data, instructions, and signals between the CPU and peripheral devices, such as memory, storage, and input/output controllers.
Types of CPU Buses
- System Bus:
The system bus is the primary bus that connects the CPU to the motherboard’s various components, including memory, input/output controllers, and other peripherals. It transfers data and control signals between the CPU and these devices, facilitating the execution of instructions and the flow of data within the system. - Front-side Bus:
The front-side bus (FSB) is a high-speed bus that connects the CPU to the northbridge, which in turn connects to the rest of the system. The FSB transfers data between the CPU and the northbridge, allowing for the synchronization of data between the CPU and other components. - Back-side Bus:
The back-side bus (BSB) is a slower bus that connects the CPU directly to the southbridge. It transfers data between the CPU and the southbridge, which is responsible for managing input/output devices, system management, and other peripheral devices.
Importance of the CPU Bus
The CPU bus plays a critical role in the overall performance and functionality of a computer system. It determines the speed at which data can be transferred between the CPU and other components, affecting the system’s ability to execute instructions and process information. As such, understanding the fundamentals of the CPU bus is essential for optimizing system performance and troubleshooting potential issues within a computer system.
Clock Speed and CPU Performance
The Relationship between Clock Speed and CPU Performance
The clock speed of a CPU, typically measured in GHz (gigahertz), is a key factor that determines its performance. The clock speed refers to the number of cycles per second that the CPU can perform, with each cycle representing a single instruction. Therefore, a higher clock speed translates to a greater number of instructions per second (IPS) that the CPU can handle.
How Clock Speed Affects the Number of Instructions per Second (IPS)
The clock speed of a CPU is directly proportional to the number of IPS it can achieve. In other words, a CPU with a higher clock speed can execute more instructions per second than a CPU with a lower clock speed. This means that a CPU with a higher clock speed can perform more tasks in a given period of time, resulting in faster processing times and improved system performance.
Impact of Clock Speed on Overall System Performance
The clock speed of a CPU is a critical determinant of the overall performance of a computer system. A CPU with a higher clock speed can handle more complex tasks and processes, resulting in faster and smoother performance. Additionally, a CPU with a higher clock speed can improve the performance of other system components, such as the graphics card and memory, by providing them with faster data processing capabilities.
Overall, the clock speed of a CPU is a key factor that determines its performance and impacts the overall performance of a computer system. As such, it is important to consider clock speed when selecting a CPU for a particular application or task.
CPU Architecture and Instruction Sets
RISC vs. CISC
Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) and Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC) are two distinct architectures for CPUs. Each architecture has its own set of advantages and disadvantages, which makes them suitable for different types of applications.
RISC Architecture
The RISC architecture is based on the idea of reducing the number of instructions that a CPU can execute. This is achieved by designing CPUs to execute a small set of simple instructions very quickly. By reducing the number of instructions, the CPU can operate at a faster clock speed, which results in improved performance.
Advantages of RISC Architecture
The RISC architecture has several advantages over the CISC architecture. One of the main advantages is that it reduces the complexity of the CPU, which makes it easier to design and manufacture. Additionally, the simplicity of the RISC architecture means that it requires less power to operate, which is beneficial for mobile devices.
Disadvantages of RISC Architecture
One of the main disadvantages of the RISC architecture is that it requires more instructions to perform the same task as a CISC architecture. This can result in slower performance for some types of applications. Additionally, the simplicity of the RISC architecture means that it may not be as flexible as the CISC architecture.
Examples of RISC-based CPUs
Some examples of CPUs based on the RISC architecture include the ARM processor, which is used in many mobile devices, and the MIPS processor, which is used in some servers and embedded systems.
CISC Architecture
The CISC architecture is based on the idea of executing complex instructions that can perform multiple tasks at once. This architecture is designed to execute a large set of instructions, which makes it more flexible than the RISC architecture.
Advantages of CISC Architecture
The CISC architecture has several advantages over the RISC architecture. One of the main advantages is that it can execute more complex instructions, which can result in faster performance for some types of applications. Additionally, the CISC architecture is more flexible than the RISC architecture, which makes it easier to design and implement complex systems.
Disadvantages of CISC Architecture
One of the main disadvantages of the CISC architecture is that it is more complex than the RISC architecture. This makes it more difficult to design and manufacture, which can result in higher costs. Additionally, the complexity of the CISC architecture means that it requires more power to operate, which can be a disadvantage for mobile devices.
Examples of CISC-based CPUs
Some examples of CPUs based on the CISC architecture include the x86 processor, which is used in most personal computers, and the PowerPC processor, which is used in some servers and embedded systems.
x86 and ARM Instruction Sets
The x86 and ARM instruction sets are two of the most widely used instruction sets in modern computing. They form the basis for the design of CPUs and play a crucial role in determining the performance and compatibility of different processors.
Overview of the x86 and ARM instruction sets
The x86 instruction set is used by processors from Intel and AMD, while the ARM instruction set is used by processors from ARM Holdings and various other companies. Both instruction sets are designed to provide a set of basic instructions that a CPU can execute.
Popular CPUs based on these instruction sets
Intel and AMD processors are well-known examples of CPUs based on the x86 instruction set, while ARM processors are used in a wide range of devices, including smartphones, tablets, and embedded systems.
Differences in performance and compatibility
The performance of x86 and ARM processors can vary depending on the specific implementation and the type of workload being run. In general, x86 processors tend to be better suited for tasks that require a lot of integer calculations, while ARM processors are better suited for tasks that require a lot of floating-point calculations.
In terms of compatibility, x86 processors are generally backward-compatible with older x86 processors, while ARM processors are not always compatible with each other. This means that an ARM processor may not be able to run software written for a different ARM processor, even if they are both based on the same instruction set.
CPU Cooling and Thermal Management
Importance of CPU Cooling
- Explanation of heat generation in CPUs
As the central processing unit (CPU) carries out its operations, it generates heat as a byproduct. This heat is produced due to the electrical current that flows through the transistors and other components of the CPU. The amount of heat generated is directly proportional to the power consumed by the CPU, which in turn affects its performance.
- The need for efficient cooling to prevent overheating and maintain performance
CPU overheating can cause irreversible damage to the processor and other components, leading to system crashes, reduced performance, or even permanent damage. To prevent this, it is essential to have an efficient cooling system in place. This cooling system must dissipate the heat generated by the CPU and maintain the temperature within safe limits.
There are various types of CPU cooling solutions available, including air cooling and liquid cooling. Air cooling employs a heatsink and fan to dissipate heat, while liquid cooling uses a liquid coolant to transfer heat away from the CPU. The choice of cooling solution depends on factors such as the CPU’s thermal design power (TDP), the system’s size and layout, and the user’s preferences.
In addition to preventing overheating, efficient CPU cooling also helps to maintain optimal performance by ensuring that the CPU operates within its specified temperature range. This is particularly important for CPU-intensive applications such as gaming, video editing, and scientific simulations, where even a slight reduction in temperature can result in significant performance gains.
Overall, CPU cooling is a critical aspect of computer processing that should not be overlooked. A well-designed cooling solution can help to extend the lifespan of the CPU, prevent system crashes, and improve overall system performance.
CPU Cooler Types
When it comes to keeping the CPU cool and functioning optimally, there are several types of coolers available on the market. These coolers vary in terms of their design, effectiveness, and cost. Here are some of the most common types of CPU coolers:
- Air cooling: This is the most traditional and widely used method of CPU cooling. It involves using a heatsink and fan to dissipate heat from the CPU. The heatsink is usually made of copper or aluminum and is designed to maximize surface area contact with the CPU. The fan pushes air over the heatsink to remove the heat generated by the CPU.
- Liquid cooling: This method involves using a liquid coolant to absorb heat from the CPU and then transferring that heat to a radiator, where it can be dissipated. Liquid cooling systems can be more effective than air cooling systems, as they can provide better thermal conductivity and more efficient heat transfer. They are also quieter and can be more visually appealing.
- All-in-one (AIO) coolers: AIO coolers are a combination of air and liquid cooling. They consist of a radiator, a water block, and a fan. The water block is attached to the CPU and contains a small reservoir of coolant. The radiator is used to dissipate the heat from the water block, and the fan pushes air over the radiator to remove the heat. AIO coolers are easy to install and can be more compact than traditional liquid cooling systems.
- Passive cooling: Passive cooling is a method of cooling that does not require any moving parts. It relies on natural convection and conduction to dissipate heat from the CPU. Passive cooling is typically used in low-power devices, such as smartphones and tablets. However, it may not be sufficient for high-performance CPUs.
Thermal Management Techniques
Thermal management techniques are critical for ensuring that the CPU operates within safe temperature limits. Two primary techniques are used for thermal management: thermal throttling and power scaling.
Overview of Thermal Throttling and Power Scaling
Thermal throttling involves reducing the CPU clock speed when the temperature exceeds a certain threshold. This is done to prevent the CPU from overheating and to ensure that it operates within safe temperature limits. Power scaling, on the other hand, involves adjusting the voltage and frequency of the CPU to balance performance and heat dissipation.
The Impact of Thermal Throttling on CPU Performance
Thermal throttling can have a significant impact on CPU performance. When the CPU clock speed is reduced, the CPU can no longer operate at its maximum capacity, resulting in slower performance. This can be particularly noticeable during heavy workloads or when running resource-intensive applications.
Power Scaling as a Way to Balance Performance and Heat Dissipation
Power scaling is used to balance performance and heat dissipation. By adjusting the voltage and frequency of the CPU, it is possible to ensure that the CPU operates within safe temperature limits while still providing sufficient performance. This is particularly important for high-performance CPUs that generate a lot of heat.
In summary, thermal management techniques are essential for ensuring that the CPU operates within safe temperature limits. Thermal throttling and power scaling are two primary techniques used for thermal management. Thermal throttling involves reducing the CPU clock speed when the temperature exceeds a certain threshold, while power scaling involves adjusting the voltage and frequency of the CPU to balance performance and heat dissipation. Both techniques can have a significant impact on CPU performance, and they are critical for ensuring that the CPU operates reliably and efficiently.
CPU Sockets and Compatibility
Types of CPU Sockets
CPU sockets are the physical interfaces that allow a CPU to be connected to a motherboard. There are several types of CPU sockets, each with its own unique characteristics and benefits. Some of the most common types of CPU sockets include:
- LGA (Land Grid Array): LGA sockets are rectangular in shape and have a grid of pins on the motherboard side. These sockets are typically used for high-end desktop processors and offer good compatibility with modern motherboards.
- PGA (Pin Grid Array): PGA sockets are square in shape and have a grid of pins on the CPU side. These sockets are typically used for server processors and offer good performance and stability.
- SPGA (Socket Pin Grid Array): SPGA sockets are similar to PGA sockets but have a smaller pin grid and are used for mobile processors.
- BGA (Ball Grid Array): BGA sockets are round in shape and have a grid of balls on the motherboard side. These sockets are typically used for mobile processors and offer good thermal performance.
Each type of CPU socket has its own advantages and disadvantages, and choosing the right one can depend on a variety of factors such as the intended use of the computer, the type of processor being used, and the motherboard being used.
CPU Compatibility Factors
When it comes to choosing a CPU, it’s important to consider compatibility with other components in your computer system. Here are some of the key factors that can affect CPU compatibility:
- Motherboard chipset compatibility: The chipset is a group of microchips that controls various functions of the motherboard, such as data transfer and audio output. The CPU and motherboard must be compatible in terms of the chipset they use.
- Memory compatibility: The CPU must be compatible with the type and speed of memory installed on the motherboard. Some CPUs may support different types of memory, while others may only support a specific type or speed.
- Cooler compatibility: CPU coolers are designed to dissipate heat generated by the CPU. If you want to upgrade your CPU cooler, it’s important to make sure it’s compatible with your CPU.
- Power supply compatibility: The power supply unit (PSU) provides power to all components in your computer. The CPU must be compatible with the voltage and amperage supplied by the PSU.
The Future of CPU Technology
Evolution of CPU Design
Moore’s Law and its impact on CPU technology
Moore’s Law, a prediction made by Gordon Moore in 1965, states that the number of transistors on a microchip will double approximately every two years, leading to a corresponding increase in computing power and decrease in cost. This has proven to be an accurate prediction, and as a result, CPU technology has advanced at an exponential rate.
Challenges and innovations in miniaturization and performance enhancement
As CPU technology continues to advance, the challenge of miniaturization becomes increasingly difficult. The miniaturization of components and the integration of more transistors onto a single chip requires innovative solutions and new materials.
One solution is the use of three-dimensional transistors, also known as FinFETs, which allow for increased density and improved performance. Additionally, the use of new materials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes may provide even greater improvements in performance and miniaturization.
Furthermore, to improve performance, CPU designers are exploring alternative architectures such as many-core processors and non-von Neumann architectures. These architectures aim to overcome the limitations of traditional CPU designs and improve overall system performance.
In conclusion, the evolution of CPU design is an ongoing process, driven by the need to increase performance and miniaturize components. As technology continues to advance, it is likely that new innovations and materials will be discovered, leading to even greater improvements in CPU technology.
AI and Machine Learning
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in various aspects of modern computing has significantly impacted the role of CPUs. As these technologies continue to advance, the demand for AI-optimized CPUs has risen, leading to innovations in CPU development. This section will delve into the role of CPUs in AI and ML, the impact of specialized AI hardware on CPU development, and emerging trends in AI-optimized CPUs.
The role of CPUs in AI and machine learning
CPUs play a critical role in the processing of AI and ML tasks. They are responsible for executing the complex mathematical calculations and processing power necessary for training and inference of ML models. The clock speed, cache size, and parallel processing capabilities of CPUs directly influence the performance of AI and ML workloads. As AI and ML applications become more widespread, the demand for CPUs that can efficiently handle these tasks will continue to grow.
The impact of specialized AI hardware on CPU development
The development of specialized AI hardware, such as Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) and Tensor Processing Units (TPUs), has had a significant impact on CPU development. These specialized hardware accelerators are designed specifically for AI and ML workloads, providing superior performance in comparison to CPUs. However, they often lack the flexibility and general-purpose computing capabilities of CPUs.
In response to this competition, CPU manufacturers have been working on developing AI-optimized CPUs that strike a balance between specialized hardware and general-purpose computing. These CPUs incorporate dedicated AI accelerators, enhanced cache sizes, and improved parallel processing capabilities to provide better performance for AI and ML tasks while maintaining the versatility of CPUs.
Emerging trends in AI-optimized CPUs
As AI and ML continue to advance, several emerging trends are shaping the future of AI-optimized CPUs:
- Hardware-Software Co-Design: CPU manufacturers are collaborating with AI and ML developers to co-design hardware and software solutions that are optimized for specific AI workloads. This approach enables the development of AI-optimized CPUs that are tailored to the requirements of various AI applications.
- Quantum Computing Integration: As quantum computing technology advances, there is a growing interest in integrating quantum computing capabilities into AI-optimized CPUs. This integration could provide significant improvements in AI and ML performance, particularly in tasks involving large-scale data processing and optimization.
- AI-Enabled Power Management: The development of AI-enabled power management technologies is enabling CPUs to automatically adjust their power consumption based on the specific requirements of AI and ML workloads. This approach not only reduces energy consumption but also improves the overall performance and efficiency of AI-optimized CPUs.
- Enhanced Memory Architecture: AI-optimized CPUs are increasingly incorporating enhanced memory architectures, such as Non-Volatile Dual In-Line Memory Module (NVDIMM) and 3D XPoint technology, to improve data access speeds and reduce memory latency. These advancements contribute to the overall performance of AI and ML tasks.
In conclusion, the integration of AI and ML in CPU technology is driving the development of AI-optimized CPUs. As these technologies continue to evolve, it is essential to stay informed about the emerging trends and advancements in CPU technology to ensure the efficient processing of AI and ML workloads.
Security and Encryption
The central processing unit (CPU) plays a crucial role in encryption and decryption processes. The performance of the CPU directly impacts the speed and efficiency of these operations. As encryption and decryption become increasingly important in the digital world, CPU design has become a critical factor in determining the strength and capabilities of encryption systems.
In recent years, there have been significant advancements in encryption and security hardware acceleration. These developments have enabled CPUs to perform encryption and decryption tasks more efficiently, providing better protection for sensitive data. For example, some CPUs now come equipped with dedicated hardware acceleration for encryption and decryption, which can significantly improve performance compared to relying solely on software-based encryption.
Additionally, the use of advanced encryption algorithms, such as AES (Advanced Encryption Standard), has become more widespread. These algorithms can provide stronger security than older encryption methods, but they also require more processing power. As a result, CPUs with higher performance capabilities are necessary to keep up with the demands of these advanced algorithms.
Furthermore, as more businesses and individuals move their data to the cloud, the need for robust encryption and security measures has become even more critical. Cloud service providers are investing heavily in encryption and security technologies to protect their customers’ data. This means that CPUs with strong encryption and decryption capabilities will be in high demand in the future.
Overall, the importance of CPU performance in encryption and decryption processes is only expected to increase in the future. As encryption and security technologies continue to evolve, it will be essential for CPUs to keep pace with these advancements to provide the necessary protection for sensitive data.
Energy Efficiency and Sustainability
The Importance of Energy Efficiency in CPU Design
As the world becomes increasingly concerned with sustainability and environmental protection, energy efficiency has become a critical aspect of CPU design. With the majority of a computer’s energy consumption coming from its CPU, it is essential to design processors that consume as little power as possible while still maintaining high levels of performance.
Innovations in Low-Power CPUs and Sleep Modes
To achieve energy efficiency, CPU manufacturers have been working on developing low-power CPUs and sleep modes that reduce the amount of energy consumed by the processor when it is not in use. These innovations include:
- Dynamic frequency scaling: This technology allows the CPU to adjust its clock speed based on the workload, reducing power consumption when the processor is idle or performing light tasks.
- Sleep modes: Modern CPUs have several sleep modes that reduce power consumption by shutting down or reducing the activity of various components of the processor.
- Low-power CPUs: Manufacturers are also developing specialized CPUs designed for low-power devices such as smartphones, tablets, and laptops, which are becoming increasingly popular among environmentally conscious consumers.
The Role of CPUs in Achieving Sustainable Computing Practices
In addition to energy efficiency, CPUs play a crucial role in achieving sustainable computing practices. By enabling more efficient use of resources, reducing e-waste, and promoting sustainable manufacturing practices, CPUs can help reduce the environmental impact of the computing industry.
Some examples of how CPUs can contribute to sustainable computing practices include:
- Virtualization: By enabling multiple operating systems to run on a single physical server, virtualization can reduce the number of servers needed and thus lower energy consumption and e-waste.
- Cloud computing: By enabling remote access to computing resources, cloud computing can reduce the need for physical hardware and lower energy consumption and e-waste.
- Green data centers: CPUs can be used to power green data centers, which use energy-efficient equipment and sustainable practices to reduce their environmental impact.
Overall, the future of CPU technology is focused on developing processors that are more energy-efficient and sustainable, enabling the computing industry to reduce its environmental impact and contribute to a more sustainable future.
FAQs
1. What is the CPU and what does it do?
The CPU, or Central Processing Unit, is the brain of a computer. It is responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations that allow a computer to function. The CPU processes data, runs programs, and controls other components of the computer. Without a CPU, a computer would not be able to perform any tasks.
2. How does the CPU communicate with other components of a computer?
The CPU communicates with other components of a computer through a system of buses and ports. These connections allow the CPU to send and receive data to and from other components, such as memory, storage, and input/output devices. The CPU uses a combination of electrical signals and protocols to communicate with these other components and coordinate their activities.
3. What is the difference between a CPU and a GPU?
A CPU, or Central Processing Unit, is the primary processing unit of a computer, responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations. A GPU, or Graphics Processing Unit, is a specialized processor designed specifically for handling graphics and video processing tasks. While a CPU is capable of handling both general-purpose computing tasks and graphics processing, a GPU is optimized for the latter and is often used in applications such as gaming, video editing, and scientific simulations.
4. How does the CPU affect the performance of a computer?
The CPU is a key factor in determining the overall performance of a computer. A faster CPU can perform more calculations per second, which can translate into faster processing times for applications and programs. Additionally, a CPU with more cores can handle more tasks simultaneously, which can also improve overall performance. However, other factors such as memory and storage can also affect a computer’s performance.
5. How is the CPU installed in a computer?
The CPU is typically installed in a computer’s motherboard, which is the main circuit board that connects all of the other components of the computer. To install a CPU, the motherboard is first removed from the computer case, and the old CPU is removed from the motherboard. The new CPU is then placed onto the motherboard and secured in place, after which the motherboard is reinstalled in the computer case. The CPU is then connected to other components, such as memory and storage, using cables and connectors.